from __future__ import annotations

from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timedelta


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class CronSchedule:
    minute: str
    hour: str
    day_of_month: str
    month: str
    day_of_week: str


def parse_cron_expr(expr: str) -> CronSchedule:
    parts = expr.strip().split()
    if len(parts) != 5:
        raise ValueError("cron expression must have exactly 5 fields")
    return CronSchedule(*parts)


def due_key(moment: datetime) -> str:
    return moment.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M")


def is_due(expr: str, moment: datetime) -> bool:
    schedule = parse_cron_expr(expr)
    cron_dow = (moment.weekday() + 1) % 7
    return (
        _field_matches(schedule.minute, moment.minute, 0, 59)
        and _field_matches(schedule.hour, moment.hour, 0, 23)
        and _field_matches(schedule.day_of_month, moment.day, 1, 31)
        and _field_matches(schedule.month, moment.month, 1, 12)
        and _field_matches(schedule.day_of_week, cron_dow, 0, 7, sunday_alias=True)
    )


def next_due_after(expr: str, moment: datetime, *, max_days: int = 366) -> datetime | None:
    parse_cron_expr(expr)
    candidate = moment.replace(second=0, microsecond=0) + timedelta(minutes=1)
    deadline = candidate + timedelta(days=max_days)
    while candidate <= deadline:
        if is_due(expr, candidate):
            return candidate
        candidate += timedelta(minutes=1)
    return None


def _field_matches(field: str, value: int, min_value: int, max_value: int, sunday_alias: bool = False) -> bool:
    for part in field.split(","):
        if _part_matches(part.strip(), value, min_value, max_value, sunday_alias=sunday_alias):
            return True
    return False


def _part_matches(part: str, value: int, min_value: int, max_value: int, sunday_alias: bool) -> bool:
    if not part:
        return False

    step = 1
    base = part
    if "/" in part:
        base, step_s = part.split("/", 1)
        if not step_s.isdigit():
            return False
        step = int(step_s)
        if step <= 0:
            return False

    if base == "*":
        start = min_value
        end = max_value
    elif "-" in base:
        start_s, end_s = base.split("-", 1)
        if not start_s.isdigit() or not end_s.isdigit():
            return False
        start = int(start_s)
        end = int(end_s)
    elif base.isdigit():
        start = end = int(base)
    else:
        return False

    values = _normalize_values(range(start, end + 1), sunday_alias=sunday_alias)
    normalized_value = 0 if sunday_alias and value == 7 else value
    if normalized_value not in values:
        return False
    return (normalized_value - min(values)) % step == 0


def _normalize_values(values: range, sunday_alias: bool) -> set[int]:
    out: set[int] = set()
    for value in values:
        if sunday_alias and value == 7:
            out.add(0)
        else:
            out.add(value)
    return out